Choose a semiskilled or informative text to work in the classroom. Present the objectives and content of communication that can work with him. Develop a minimum of 4 activities that exploit the resources of the lexical text.
Text:
goiter.
an enlarged thyroid gland, and not cancer.
Causes and risk factors.
There are different kinds of goiters. A simple goiter usually occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body. The thyroid gland enlarges to compensate for this situation, which usually overcomes mild deficiencies of the hormone thyroid.
A simple goiter may be classified as either endemic goiter (colloid) goiter or a sporadic (nontoxic). The first occurs in groups of people living in geographical areas with iodine-depleted soil, usually regions away from the sea coast. It is possible that people from these communities do not get enough iodine in their diet, which is vital for the formation of thyroid hormone. The modern use of iodized table salt in the United States helps prevent this deficiency, however, it is still common in the central part of Asia and Africa.
In most cases of sporadic goiter the cause is unknown, but occasionally, certain medications as lithium or aminoglutethimide can cause it.
Hereditary factors may cause goiters and between risk factors for development include: being female, having more than 40 years of age, have an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, living in an endemic area and a family history of goiter . Symptoms
• thyroid enlargement ranging from a single small nodule to massive enlargement (neck tumor)
• Difficulty breathing, coughing or wheezing due to compression of the trachea
Difficulty swallowing • Esophageal compression
• Strained neck veins and dizziness when the arms are raised above the head
Signs and tests • Measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine (T4) free in the blood
• Recruitment and
Thyroid scan • Thyroid ultrasound and, if nodules, to do a biopsy to evaluate the possibility of thyroid cancer. Treatment
goiter only needs to be treated if causing symptoms. An enlarged thyroid can be treated with radioactive iodine to shrink the gland or with surgical removal of part or the entire gland (thyroidectomy). Small doses of iodine (solution potassium iodine or iodine) may help when the goiter is due to a deficiency.
Expectations (prognosis)
A goiter is a benign (harmless). Simple goiters may disappear spontaneously or larger. Over time, you can develop hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormone) due to the destruction of normal thyroid tissue, but this can be treated with medications to replace thyroid hormone.
Occasionally, a goiter may progress to a toxic nodular type, when a nodule is producing its own thyroid hormone. This can cause hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone) that can be treated with radioactive iodine to destroy the nodule. Complications
• A progressive enlargement of the thyroid or the development of hardened nodules may indicate thyroid malignancy. Biopsies should be made of all thyroid nodules for cancer.
• A simple goiter may progress to toxic nodular goiter.
• Hypothyroidism may occur after treatment of a large goiter with radioactive iodine or surgery. Call
medical
Seek medical attention if you experience any swelling or enlargement in the front of the neck, increased resting pulse rate, rapid heartbeat, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sweating without exercise or increased room temperature, tremors, restlessness, difficulty breathing or signs of hypothyroidism such as fatigue, constipation or dry skin. Prevention
The use of iodized table salt prevents endemic goiter.
Fte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/001178.htm
- Objectives
1 - Understanding the origin and meaning of some Latin and Greek prefixes commonly used in technical language. Integrate these learnings in the analysis of other words in which these prefixes and suffixes are present.
2 - Recognize the etymological origin of words.
3 - Recognize and expand semantic fields related to anatomy and medical technology.
4 - Use proper and spontaneous contexts nouns and adjectives (and occasionally their antonyms) related to specific technical language.
5 - correctly interpret a text with some technical complexity, deducing the meaning of certain words and expressions used by the context or by comparing with other phrases which are present.
- Content
- Some Latin and Greek prefixes: amino-, hypo-, hyper-, radio-, gamma-, node-etc.
- etymological origin and / or meaning of some words as malignant, benign, toxic thyroid removal, potassium, etc.
- words and semantic fields of technical, gland, sporadic, hunch, surgically / a, tumor, hormone, diet, esophagus, etc.
- Activities
The 4 activities are aimed at providing a learning experience, as far as possible, independent and functional by the learner, creating the conditions under which by itself or in the course of communicative situations, draw, internalize and put them to use words and phrases representative of large semantic fields.
from the use of a classroom with Internet access (for one of our goals is to show automated and free resources and search strategies linguistic information on-line)
1 ª - Search the Web for phrases containing the words with the following prefixes: amino-, hypo-, hyper-, radio-, thyroid-, nod-etc.
then asks students, after hearing and explain these phrases including being the teacher's role to correct the errors, but intervening as little as possible, explain the meaning of the words hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, nodules, radioactive , amino acid, etc., in the context in which they appear in the article provided. It also requests to construct sentences in which these words appear, rightly or wrongly used, shall peer correct if the error.
2 ª - Building on the use of an on-line etymological dictionary (eg http://www.grupo-sm.com/ or http://www.rae.es/), we propose the students search for meaning one of the following words: gland, sporadic, hunch, removed, surgically / a, potassium, tumor, hormone, diet, esophagus, etc. Next, we cycle, each student explains the word that has returned. The teacher takes note of all the meanings expressed, and performs a definition given: read a definition which, in his words, has provided each student, and they must record the sequential order in the words of the text (ie to read the significance of surgery, the student must locate the word in the text, and put beside it the number 1, and do the same with the successive definitions listed)
3 ª - "fishy": the teacher takes dictation part of the text on which we are working, but introducing voluntary errors in some of the words studied. The student, in pairs, should detect such errors, and write the next word to be written erroneously, "the true word. Also, look for words that are part of the same semantic field or words to share code with which we have studied, freely choosing some
4 ª - Simulation Activity. Previously, students have reviewed the vocabulary studied. They perform a role-playing, simulating a medical consultation conducted by two doctors to a patient with some symptoms of goiter. In this particular patient should ask questions, explain the origins, problems, solutions and other details of his alleged illness, and respond to their questions. The roles will be drawn, and groups of three students will take turns. The remaining students and the teacher write down the errors committed in the course of the conversation.
5 ª - Group work. Students look for a text of a similar level of difficulty, at any rate, semi-skilled or informative, which is sufficiently rich in technical terms, use of prefixes, etc. In this case, are the students that highlight the words under consideration, seeking its meaning and derived words, antonyms, synonyms, etc .-, explaining to their peers.
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